Hospital treatment for COVID-19 position statement by the Czech pneumological and phthisiological society - February 2021

This position statement was developed by an expert panel commissioned by the Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society. The statement presents the basic principles of hospital treatment for COV1D-19, both pharmacological therapy and recommendations for various levels of respiratory or ventilatory support in COVID-19 respiratory failure. Treatment recommendations, grouped into several topics, are formulated as specific instructions based on current scientific knowledge. For each drug or treatment, the basic therapeutic overview and profile are presented. For each treatment recommendation, the level of recommendation is stated (very strong. strong, weak. insufficient or "not recommended"). Recommendations concerning mechanical ventilation and ECMO were formulated in cooperation with colleagues from the Czech Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. The drugs and treatments are briefly summarized in a table and graph. The statement is updated as early February 2021 and - with regard to expected advances in scientific knowledge - will be updated in the future.

The effect of the COVID-19 crisis on the perception of digitisation in the purchasing process: customers and retailers perspective

Purpose: The market for goods and services is a continually changing environment influenced by many internal and external factors. The majority of economies in the World were deeply hit by the coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19) in the first half of 2020. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the role of a crisis, COVID-19 in this case, in moderating the market environment and its ability to accelerate or slow down ongoing processes. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire survey was used to obtain the opinions of 100 customers and 100 local retailers on the digitisation of the shopping process in a medium-sized Czech town. After the first wave of crisis faded away, the respondents reflected on their opinions before, during and after the crisis. The data were processed using linear mixed models respecting repeated measures. Findings: The crisis seems to have shifted the interest of both groups towards e-commerce but it did not change the disproportion in opinions between them. The interest of customers was significantly higher, even after the crisis. Research limitations/implications: The credibility of the results is limited mainly by the one-time gathering of the data after the crisis. However, the results indicate a persistent challenge to which small retailers are exposed. Originality/value: The originality of the results comes from the specific situation brought about by the COVID-19 crisis and the structure of respondents, enabling us to catch an immediate shift of opinions caused by the crisis and to compare the changes in both groups of respondents. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.